This report discusses technologies and practices available to improve the efficiency of the major users of oil in the U.S. other than cars and light trucks, including freight trucks, industrial equipment and processes, and residential and commercial buildings. The report estimates the potential to reduce petroleum consumption cost-effectively through a range of measures, and discusses barriers to efficiency in each sector and policies to overcome those barriers. Three efficiency policy scenarios are presented to take advantage of the available opportunities, as well as estimates of the total oil savings that would follow from the implementation of each scenario.