Presents the results of a study based on nearly 100 interviews with energy service companies, retail electricity commodity suppliers, and distribution utilities, all operating in restructured states. The study explores the premise that private market actors could displace the need for government/regulatory energy efficiency policies and programs in a restructured electricity market. New, independent, private market activity in energy efficiency services has largely not emerged, and those market players engaged in such services tend to be heavily involved with, and supportive of, government/regulatory energy efficiency programs.