Since 2012, Maryland’s Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD) has administered the state’s limited-income energy efficiency programs. The programs have been effective in delivering substantial energy savings for each participating household, but overall participation has been low. This report documents the development, successes, and challenges of DHCD’s programs. Our findings rely on information collected from Maryland stakeholders, public program filings, discussions with leading energy efficiency professionals, and ACEEE’s past best practices research. We conclude by identifying several opportunities to improve future program performance.